Samakaleen Hindi Upanyasom Mem Visthapitom Ka Yatharth
The study of Migration is and always has been an interdisciplinary field of study , vast and vibrant in nature. Humans are known to have migrated extensively throughout pre-history and human history , the movement of populations in modern times has continued under the form of both voluntary and involuntary migration. More people are migrating today because of economic , social , political or environmental reasons . Human migration initiated for whatever reasons have affected the grand epochs in history bringing innovation and mutual benefits and in some occasions destruction and suffering .
An Indian citizen who stays abroad for employment or carrying on business or stays under circumstances indicating an intention for an uncertain duration of stay is a non – resident Indian . Colonialism and Industrialization witnessed the plight of Indians as contract labourers who undergone mental trauma and physical assault . At present , they plays a pivotal role in world population . In present scenario Indian immigrants desperately wants their children to grow up with Indian culture and values . But the young generation brought up in Western culture ruled out this wish which results in cultural conflicts .
Partition means humiliation , a question mark on identities. Partition of India resulted in one of the largest and most rapid migrations in human history. The star of colonialism in India died in an explosion of internecine violence and bloodletting . The newly formed governments were completely unequipped to deal with migrations of such staggering magnitude and massive violence and slaughter occurred on both sides of the border. The refugees utilized the available schemes to become a successful group in Indian society. Muhajirs of Pakistan assert themselves as a separate ethnic group in course of time thereby enjoying a prominent place in Pakistan .
Displacement , Resettlement and Rehabilitation have been serious concern for all developing countries including India. A large number of development projects such as dams , factories , mines etc have been initiated and established resulting in eviction of people mostly tribal or rural . Disruption in the established pattern of life is traumatic . It resulted in landlessness , homelessness , joblessness , marginalization and social disarticulation . The tribals have been deprived compensation and rehabilitation benefits as they do not possess any legal documents to prove the ownership of their land .
Most of the Resettlement efforts have failed miserably in restoring the confidence of the people because of the absence of sincere consultation . Resettlement should be done time – bound and transparent by reputed national or international bodies . There should be an alternative system of livelihood arranged for all the displaced people. It is necessary to implement a genuine act for Land Acquisition and Resettlement . Alternatives such as solar , wind , seawater and small or mini dams managed by the people themselves for the power or water purposes should be established to minimize the displacement . No resettlement efforts will be effective unless the displaced person’s aspirations and views are taken into account in the process of policy formulation.